Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)

The testing of very early embryos for a specific genetic condition before they are implanted into the womb. Couples undergo standard in vitro fertilisation (IVF) during which eggs are fertilised by sperm outside the womb. The embryos are grown in the laboratory until they consist of eight cells.  A single cell is then removed from the embryo and the DNA is tested for the presence of the mutation gene.